About
The project
The PBM Database
Website status: In development; some pages and features may be incomplete.
The PBM Database is an independent, long-term collection of published photobiomodulation research, including studies indexed under terms such as low-level laser therapy and red or near-infrared phototherapy. It brings a dispersed literature together in one place.
The database and website are a personal, non-commercial hobby project. They support researchers with literature searches and a view of PBM across specialties, while helping non-specialist readers follow the field.
The project also aims to improve PBM research by recording recurring methodological and reporting issues. Identifying these gaps can inform better study design and reporting, helping strengthen the evidence.
Where available, entries include the condition studied, study type, model, country and treatment parameters. These details help readers compare studies, explore the volume of research across conditions and follow the field’s development.
Started in January 2016 and updated regularly, the database is manually curated rather than a formal systematic review. It supplies much of the website’s factual content; the visual structure was created with AI assistance.
Nearly 300 pages summarize research on individual conditions. They were prepared largely with GPT-6 Luna under the site administrator’s supervision, using studies listed in the PBM Database as source material.
Records may also include structured details and curator-entered markings on study methods, light delivery, comparisons, cautions and notable findings, based on source papers. These describe recorded information rather than independent study-quality ratings; their counts can overlap.
The creator
Vladimir Heiskanen
Vladimir Heiskanen is a Finnish dentist and creator of the PBM Database. He began collecting PBM research after writing about red and near-infrared light for a Finnish health blog. In 2013, he published an overview of studies across health conditions and began building the database in 2016.
His publications include peer-reviewed reviews and WALT position papers on photobiomodulation, a systematic review of PBM for cancer-treatment-related salivary gland dysfunction, and work on blue and green light and sunlight. Some have received substantial citations.
In 2026, the World Association for Photobiomodulation Therapy (WALT) awarded him the WALT Prize for his database work. He also serves on the board of Skepsis ry in Finland and has taken part in public fact-checking and critical examination of health claims.

Contact valtsu.heiskanen@gmail.comFacebook profile
Selected publications8 papers
- Photobiomodulation: lasers vs. light emitting diodes?2018 · Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences · co-author
- Under the spotlight: mechanisms of photobiomodulation concentrating on blue and green light2019 · Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences · co-author
- Sunlight and health: shifting the focus from vitamin D3 to photobiomodulation by red and near-infrared light2020 · Ageing Research Reviews · first author
- Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Management of Orofacial Neuropathic Pain—WALT Position Paper2026 · Journal of Clinical Medicine · co-author
- Photobiomodulation therapy in management of cancer therapy-induced side effects: WALT position paper 20222022 · Frontiers in Oncology · co-author
- Photobiomodulation Therapy for Cancer Treatment-Related Salivary Gland Dysfunction: A Systematic Review2020 · systematic review · first author
- Non-mammalian Hosts and Photobiomodulation: Do All Life-forms Respond to Light?2018 · Photochemistry and Photobiology · co-author
- Red and near-infrared light in the treatment of disease2016 · Erikoislääkäri · article in Finnish
Other publications6 items
- Old treatments are being studied for new uses2025 · Finnish Dental Journal · one-page science column · article in Finnish
- If a tooth cannot be treated in the mouth, can it be treated on the table?2025 · Finnish Dental Journal · one-page science column · article in Finnish
- Water flossers: a hit product or hype?2025 · Finnish Dental Journal · one-page science column · article in Finnish
- Nicotinamide riboside first alleviates symptoms but later downregulates dopamine metabolism in proteasome inhibition mouse model of Parkinson's disease2024 · Heliyon · peer-reviewed research article · co-author
- Red-light therapy: a scientific breakthrough or more pseudoscience?2022 · Skeptikko · article in Finnish
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic diseases: will vitamin B3 help in the future?2020 · Duodecim · peer-reviewed review article · article in Finnish · co-author